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When Democrat MP Nancy Pelosi took office as Speaker of the US House of Representatives on Thursday (3), she became not only the third most important person in the country's political hierarchy, after the vice president, but also the one who will lead the opposition to Donald Trump.
Adored and hated in the same way, her trajectory reveals an extraordinary ability to survive in politics.
In 2007, she went into history by becoming the first woman to head the US House. In 2010, when the Democrats lost their majority in the House, she led the opposition until she returned to the presidency of the House.
Pelosi will have the responsibility to order the agenda of the US Congress and oversee the investigations against Trump. He will also coordinate the strategy of the Democrats, who regained control of the House of Representatives in the November 2018 elections.
This is the last chapter of a woman who grew up in a family dipped in the east coast policy of the United States, which has gained recognition among the most liberal groups in the state of California and has been a key figure of the Democratic Party for nearly 15 years.
Journalist Elaine Povich, author of a biography of Pelosi, said that "people are wrong to underestimate it".
"Never bet on her. (Pelosi) She works hard, she is the most organized politician and she counts the votes very well."
These skills will be put to the test in the months to come.
"She will have to balance the different priorities of the Democrats while facing the flames of political Vesuvius that is Donald Trump," said Anthony Zurcher, a BBC journalist specializing in coverage of American politics.
An example of the relationship that might exist between Pelosi and Tros is the controversy surrounding the approval of the US budget for 2019. The Democrat refuses to allocate the resources that the US president would like to build on the Mexican border .
The reporter explains that within Pelosi's own party, there is a disagreement about how to act by Some people are clamoring for overwhelming scrutiny of Trump's actions, while others want quick approval of budget legislation. members of the Democratic Party to use this exploit for electoral purposes.
Some public services are paralyzed by lack of resources because the 2019 budget has not yet been approved.
Pelosi grew up in Baltimore, Maryland, in the eastern United States. His father was mayor of the city. She is the nine of the seven brothers and sisters – the only woman.
"It was important to know who to help and who to hurt and to keep a record of favors granted and received," says Zurcher.
"Pelosi is busy managing the political accounts of his family, which included answering eight different phone lines".
She studied in Washington, near Baltimore, where she met her husband, financier Paul Pelosi.
The two men settle in Manhattan, New York State, and then in the city of San Francisco, California.
They had five children, four girls and a boy.
The beginning of a political career
In 1976, taking advantage of the family's political ties, Pelosi helped California governor Jerry Brown, who wanted to take over the presidency, to win Democratic primaries.
From there began the trajectory of ascension in the party and in 1988, was elected deputy. It represented a part of the city where there was a large gay community and was determined to raise funds for HIV research.
He also engaged in a long battle to turn a military base into a San Francisco Nature Park.
In 2001, she was elected to head a parliamentary group in the House of Representatives. The following year he became Leader of the Opposition.
She was one of the most critical voices during the invasion of Iraq in 2003 and helped in 2005 to reverse the project of former President George W. Bush partially privatize the government-run pension program.
The Constitution of North America describes the functions of the position of Leader of Parliament. Whoever occupies it becomes the second person in the line of succession of the President of the Republic, then only the vice president.
The Mayor's grand cabinet, with a balcony overlooking the iconic Washington Monument, reflects the prestige of the post.
The majority party in the House controls the legislative agenda in addition to setting the rules for debate on the proposals.
"If the group leader is in harmony with the members of his party – which does not always happen – the process of legislation in the House works like a well-oiled machine," Zurcher said.
This is what happened the last time Pelosi took office.
Between 2009 and 2011, an economic stimulus package was approved to deal with the 2008 crisis, amounting to about 840 million US dollars. In addition, financial reforms, environmental laws and the fight against gender discrimination in wages were approved.
"During these negotiations, I saw Pelosi the strategist. She organized meetings throughout the day and evenings and juggled with phone calls from the leaders of both Houses, secretaries and the President of the Republic, "wrote Donna Edwards, MP for Maryland, in the Washington Post.
Eight months after this vote, the Democrats lost 63 seats and the majority in the House of Representatives. "
" This was partly due to the conservative rage provoked by health care reform and the role played by Pelosi to push the bill forward, she became a politically unpopular figure that she could no longer campaign publicly for Democratic candidates, "says Zurcher.
Pelosi also faces opposition within the party – 16 Democrat parliamentarians have asked that she be removed from the leadership of the party.
They suggest that the time has come to replace Pelosi, 78 years old.
However, in the weeks that followed, the Democrat managed to control the rebellion by making a concession: an eight-year limit for her leadership.
"I see myself as a bridge to the next generation of leaders."
And how did she become a survivor? She is not known to be a good speaker or a particularly charismatic person. [19659006] But Zurcher points out that the Democrat is competitive in the very organized and bitter struggle to get votes in Congress.
"She is about to turn 80, but she works late into the night and seldom takes holidays, "she says.]" She also masters fundraising. "
Povich also points out that the Oratory is not the Pelosi Fortress."
"Internal negotiations, the formation of coalitions and the organization are their strength."
"It is likely that the next few years will be conflicts and dead ends between the two groups," he said. the parts. The role of Pelosi will be crucial, "concludes Zurcher.
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