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In 2018, after 18 years without any cases of indigenous measles (acquired in the country), three of which were not due to patients from other regions, Brazil again recorded case of this infectious, viral and highly contagious disease. , which can be transmitted by coughing, talking and sneezing.
According to Ministry of Health data, 10,262 confirmations were received from the beginning of January to the 10th of December. Today, the country is facing an outbreak in Amazonas (9,779 cases) and another outbreak in Roraima (349). To date, there have been 12 deaths in three states: four in Roraima, six in Amazonas and two in Pará. since 5 years.
In this new year, it seems that the disease, 100% preventable with a vaccine, should continue. But are there any other pathologies in the radar of the national authorities that could "come back" or even get worse in the coming months?
In a note, the Department of Health indicates that, with the exception of measles, "there is no plan to return diseases eliminated or eradicated". Nevertheless, this ensures the maintenance of a high and homogeneous vaccination coverage – ideally reaching 95% of the target population – as many viruses still circulate in other countries.
In addition, the agency notes that "with the flow of tourism and trade between nations, unvaccinated people may contract diseases and create conditions for the return of their transmission, if high immunization coverage is not maintained in all cities. "
Despite the statements of the Ministry of Health, the resurgence of measles has led to an alert in Brazil According to Rivaldo Venâncio, coordinator of Reference Laboratories Foundation Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), the moment is very worrying for all diseases preventable by vaccination.
Among them, Venâncio points out the diphtheria – a transmissible, infectious, infectious and infectious disease caused by a e bacterium, which is housed mainly in the tonsils, pharynx, nose and occasionally in other mucous membranes of the body and skin, and is transmitted by direct contact between people.
The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) is also concerned about the possibility of its return to the Americas. In recent years, occurrences have been recorded in Brazil (four cases in 2016 and five in 2017) and in Colombia, as well as epidemics in Venezuela with 1,602 suspected cases between 2016 and 2018 and in Haiti
. vaccine that we use against this disease also protects against whooping cough and tetanus, it is advisable to pay attention to all three, "informs the expert.According to the Brazilian Ministry of Health, in 2015, there were 1,333 cases of whooping cough throughout the country, in 2016, 3,110, and in 2017, 1,900.
This transmissible and infectious infectious disease is caused by the bacillus of Bordetella pertussis and specifically affects the respiratory tract and is transmitted by direct patient contact with a susceptible person through secretory droplets that have been eliminated by coughing, sneezing or even speech.
Tetanus accounted for 243 confirmations in 2016 and 230 in 2017. The disease is also infectious, but not contagious, and usually occurs by contaminating a lesion of the skin or mucous membranes with the spores of Bacillus Clostridium tetani.
Polio, which remains endemic in Afghanistan, Nigeria and Pakistan, has 12 malaria cases. Known as infantile paralysis, it is contagious and can infect children and adults through direct contact with feces or with secretions eliminated by the mouths of sick people.
There has been no circulation of wild poliovirus, its subject, since 1990, causing the outbreak of the alert.
"Of the three or four most successful collective health programs Brazil has achieved in the past 40 or 50 years, vaccination is certainly the flagship program, an example for the world." Venâncio de Fiocruz warned Venâncio
And he adds: "The measles epidemic, for example, while it was located in the North and was the result of importation – the genotype of the the virus (D8) that circulates in the country is identical to that of Venezuela – took us by surprise and showed that vaccination coverage was insufficient. Now it's time to make adjustments to avoid new problems. "
Asked about this problem, the Ministry of Health states that" the recommendation of a homogeneous vaccination coverage in the country is a constant work and that the coordination of the National Immunization Program (NIP) periodically releases notes States and municipalities for evaluation and, for States below the target, guides them in organizing their networks, including the possibility of readjusting more compatible schedules. of the Brazilian population. "
Diseases transmitted by mosquitoes
Diseases transmitted by vectors transmitted by mosquitoes will also continue to be targeted in 2019, particularly in summer, as rising temperatures favor insect reproduction and, therefore, the potential for circulation of the virus
] "We are two years old with a weak indicator of dengue, chikungunya and zika. This is a normal fluctuation, but also an alert and, unfortunately, is expected to increase the number of cases, "said Expedito Luna, researcher and professor of epidemiology at the Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São Paulo (USP).
reported 241,664 cases of dengue across the country, including 142 deaths – 232,372 and 176, during the same period of last year, the incidence rate, which represents the proportion of cases per inhabitant, is 115.9 / 100 000.
As regards chikungunya, there is had 84,294 cases and 35 deaths in 2018, compared to 184,344 and 191 in 2017. The rate The incidence rate is 40.4 cases / 100,000 inhabitants Among the zika, 8,024 cases (17,025 in 2017 ) and four deaths this year.The incidence rate is 3.8 cases per 100,000 population.
According to the Information from the Quick Survey on Infestation Rates of Aedes aegypti (LIRAa), 504 Brazilian municipalities exhibit high rates of mosquito infestation, with a risk of Epidemic of diseases transmitted by it
Manaus (AM), Belo Horizonte (MG) Recife (PE), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasilia (DF), São Luís (MA), Belém (PA), Vitória, Porto Velho (RO), Goiania (GO) and Campo Grande (MS) are on alert. However, in the case of Curitiba (PR), Teresina (PI), João Pessoa (PB), Florianópolis (SC), São Paulo (SP), Macapá (AP), Maceió
The Ministry of Health warned that these results reinforce the need to intensify prevention actions, which are managed and monitored by the National Coordination and Control Room to control mosquitoes.
According to the Ministry, R $ 1.9 billion was transferred in 2018, compared to R $ 924 million in 2010, for acts such as the provision of vehicles for to women and their children.
The struggle against Aedes aegypti also depends on the population, who must be aware of places or objects likely to collect stagnant water. Recommendations include: keeping water boxes, barrels and barrels tightly closed; weekly wash inside with brushes and soap, tanks used for storing water; remove leaves, twigs and anything that can prevent water from flowing into the gutter; do not let water accumulate on the slab; maintenance of pools or fountains; fill the small bowls with sand; ” clbad=”img img-responsive image-large”/>
Yellow fever
Yellow fever, a source of worry since 2016, while there was an epidemic in the country, with more than 50,000 people in the country. Another problem that should persist in 2019. According to the figures of the Ministry of Health, from January 1 to November 8 this year, there would have been 1 311 cases and 450 deaths, almost twice the same period of time. 39; year.
As in the case of polio, the file has recently alerted people living in areas with signs of pathology (the full list is available on the government website). vaccination as soon as possible.
Other recommendations to prevent this acute febrile infectious disease caused by a virus transmitted by the bite of infected vector mosquitoes, the genera Haemagogus and Sabethes being the best known in America Malaria, an acute febrile infectious disease caused by protozoa transmitted by the mosquito-infected female Anopheles is more common in dengue, chikungunya and zika cases.
Malaria
. a concern for the new year.
After ten years of reducing the number of occurrences, the country has presented an increase of more than 50% compared to 2016 – ie 194,425. had 146,723 this year, from January to September.
Although the Amazon region concentrates more than 99% of the recordings (146,159 from January to August of this year), the Ministry of Health warns that other states also have vector presence, where disease and epidemics can to be reintroduced from an imported case
By 2019, the malaria diagnostic network in Brazil is expected to expand by 20%.
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