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In 2018, after 18 years without any cases of indigenous measles (acquired in the country), three of which were not due to patients from other regions, Brazil again recorded case of this infectious, viral and highly contagious disease. , which can be transmitted by coughing, talking and sneezing.
According to Ministry of Health data, 10,262 confirmations were received from the beginning of January to the 10th of December. Today, the country is facing an outbreak in Amazonas (9,779 cases) and another outbreak in Roraima (349). To date, there have been 12 deaths in three states: four in Roraima, six in Amazonas and two in Pará.
In this new year, it seems that the disease, 100% preventable with a vaccine, should continue. But there are also other pathologies on the radar of the national authorities that could "come back" or even worsen in the coming months?
In a note, the Department of Health states that, with the exception of measles, "there is no prediction of the return of diseases eliminated or eradicated." Nevertheless, this ensures the maintenance of high and homogeneous immunization coverage – ideally reaching 95% of the target population – as many viruses still circulate in other countries.
In addition, the agency notes that "with the flow of tourism and trade between nations, unvaccinated people can contract diseases and create the conditions for the return of the transmission of this disease. ci, if a high immunization coverage is not maintained in all cities. "
To watch 19659002] Despite the statements of the Ministry of Health, the resurgence of measles has triggered an alert in Brazil . According to Rivaldo Venâncio, coordinator of the Reference Laboratories of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), the moment is particularly worrying for all vaccine-preventable diseases, that is to say preventable by vaccination.
Among them, Venâncio emphasizes diphtheria – pathology. infectious and infectious, caused by a bacterium that lodges mainly in the tonsils, pharynx, larynx, nose and sometimes in other mucous membranes of the body and skin, and which is transmissible through direct contact between people .
The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) is also concerned about the possibility of its return to the Americas. In recent years, occurrences have been recorded in Brazil (four cases in 2016 and five in 2017) and in Colombia, as well as epidemics in Venezuela with 1,602 suspected cases between 2016 and 2018 and Haiti
. vaccine that we use against this disease also protects against whooping cough and tetanus, it is advisable to pay attention to all three, "informs the expert.According to the Brazilian Ministry of Health, in 2015, there were 1,333 cases of whooping cough throughout the country, in 2016, 3,110, and in 2017, 1900.
This infectious infectious disease is caused by a bacillus Bordetella pertussis and specifically affects the system Its transmission is by direct contact with a sensitive person by means of droplets of secretion eliminated by coughing, sneezing or even speaking.
On tetanus, there were 243 confirmations in 2016 and 230 in 2017. The Disease is also contagious but not contagious and is usually manifested by the contamination of a skin or mucosal lesion by the spores of the bacillus Clostridium tetani
Poliomyelitis, which remains endemic. emic in Afghanistan, is another pathology evoked by radar. in Nigeria and Pakistan, with 12 registered cases. Known as infantile paralysis, it is contagious and can infect children and adults through direct contact with feces or with secretions excreted through the mouths of sick people.
On the national territory, wild poliovirus, its responsible, has not circulated since 1990., but in July of this year, the Ministry of Health reported that 312 Brazilian municipalities had a vaccination coverage lower than 50%, which triggered the alert.
"Of the three or four most successful public health programs Brazil has produced Over the past 40 or 50 years, vaccination is certainly the beacon, an example for the world, but after decades of success, the population and the health systems have been neglected, "warns Venâncio, Fiocruz. 19659002] And he adds: "The measles epidemic, for example, even though it was located in the northern region and was the result of importation – the genotype of the virus (D8) circulating in the country is identical to that of Venezuela – took us by surprise and showed that immunization coverage was insufficient.It is now time to make adjustments to avoid new problems. "
Asked about this, the Ministry of Health states that "the recommendation of homogeneous immunization coverage in the country is a constant work and that the national immunization program is periodically coordinated." (PNI) publishes technical notes on monitoring and evaluation at States and municipalities and, for States below target, guide them in the organization of their networks, including the possibility of readjusting schedules in a more compatible manner. e with the habits of the Brazilian population. "
Diseases transmitted by mosquitoes
Diseases transmitted by mosquito vectors will also continue to be targeted in 2019, particularly in summer, because the increase in temperature favors the reproduction of insects and , therefore, the potential for circulation of the virus
"Two years ago, we had a weak indicator of dengue, chikungunya and zika. This is a normal fluctuation, but also an alert and, unfortunately, we are expecting an increase in the number of cases for next year, "says Expedito Luna, researcher and professor. Epidemiology at the Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo., University of São Paulo (USP)
This year, from January to December 3, 241,664 cases of dengue fever were reported throughout the country. country, with 142 deaths – 232,372 at the same time last year.
As for chikungunya, there were 84,294 cases and 35 deaths in 2018, compared to 184,344 and 191 cases in 2018. The incidence rate, which takes into account the proportion of cases per capita, is 115.9 / 100,000. 2017. The incidence rate is 40.4 cases per 100,000 population, with 8,024 case (17,025 in 2017) and four deaths this year, with an incidence rate of 3.8 cases per 100,000 population [19659002] According to the information from the rapid survey Aedes aeg Infestation Rates (19659014) The report also reported 1,881 cities on alert and 2,628 with satisfactory indexes, as well as 1,881 cities on alert and 2,628 with satisfactory indexes. . In the list of capitals, Palmas (TO), Boa Vista (RR), Cuiabá (MT) and Rio Branco (AC) can have a home.
Manaus (AM), Belo Horizonte (MG) Recife (PE), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasilia (DF), São Luís (MA), Belém (PA), Vitória (ES), El Salvador (BA) However, in the case of Curitiba (PR), Teresina (PI), João Pessoa (PB), Florianópolis (SC), São Paulo (SP), Macapá (Portugal), Porto Velho (RO), Goiânia (GO) and Campo Grande. AP), Maceió
The Ministry of Health reports that these results reinforce the need to intensify preventive actions, which are managed and monitored by the National Coordination and Control Room for Mosquito Control. .
According to the department, R $ 1. , 9 billion in 2018, compared to 924 million rubles in 2010, for actions such as the supply of larvicides and vehicles used to smoke cigarettes.
The struggle against Aedes aegypti also depends on the population, who must be attentive to the places. or objects that collect stagnant water. Recommendations include: keeping water boxes, barrels and barrels tightly closed; weekly wash inside with brushes and soap, tanks used for storing water; remove leaves, twigs and anything that can prevent water from flowing into the gutter; do not let water accumulate on the slab; maintenance of pools or fountains; fill the small bowls with sand;
Yellow Fever
Yellow fever, which has been causing concern since 2016, while there was an epidemic in the country, with more force in the Southeast, is another problem . expected to remain in 2019. According to figures from the Ministry of Health, from 1 January to 8 November this year, 1,311 cases and 450 deaths, nearly double the same period of the previous year (736 cases and 230 deaths)
As with polio, the briefing recently encouraged people living in areas with signs of pathology (the full list can be found on the government website) to be vaccinated as soon as possible. ] Other recommendations to prevent this acute febrile infectious disease caused by a virus transmitted by the bite of infected vector mosquitoes, the genera being Haemagogus and Sabethes Finally, malaria, a febrile infectious pathology acute cause of protozoa transmitted by the female infected by a mosquito Finally, malaria, an acute febrile infectious disease caused by a protozoan transmitted by the female infected by a mosquito Anopheles is more worrying for the new year
After ten years of reduction in the number of cases, the country has presented an increase of more than 50% compared to 2016 – 194 425. There were 146 723 this year, from January to September.
Although the Amazon region concentrates more than 99% of the records (146,159 from January to August this year), the Ministry of Health warns that other states also have the presence of the vector, where an imported case may result the reintroduction of the disease and the appearance of outbreaks.
By 2019, an additional 20% of the malaria diagnostic network in Brazil is expected to be expanded. copyright – Any reproduction is prohibited without the written permission of the BBC
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