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Do Brazil de Fato – Three years ago, Chile experienced a continuous cycle of demonstrations that put millions of people on the street around a theme: the social security model in force in the country. the country. Nearly 40 years after its inception, the Chilean pension system, which is pushing far-right President Jair Bolsonaro (PSL) to propose a similar system in Brazil, is facing a deep crisis.
In the 1980s, at the time when the country was known as the "neoliberal laboratory" because of a series of privatization policies in areas such as health and health care. In education, Chile has put in place a pension model based on individual accounts, with a mandatory contribution. The change, never applied elsewhere in the world, was operated by a decree of law imposed by the dictator Augusto Pinochet in 1981.
The funds are managed by the AFP [Administradoras de Fundos de Pensão] and invested in financial investments.
Recaredo Gálvez, researcher at Fundación Sol, recalls that the system imposed in an undemocratic environment did not allow the dissemination of information. "19659002]" There was no real participation in the discussion of this transformation of politics in Chile, and this meant that most of what the dictatorship had reported
In Chile, although the model had been implemented by the army, the army does not have the same pension system because it opposes to the individual accounts.
19659002] Four Decades Later, Harmful Effects
In solidarity distribution models, such as the Brazilian, with the help of employers and the state, who are retired. In the capitalization system launched by Chile, each person is responsible for his retirement through an individual account.
For the lawyer of the Workers' Defender, Javier Piñeda, the privatized model represents a risk for the workers. "This logic of individual capitalization means that every person has to flee, and with high rates of unemployment and informality, it means that people are condemned to a miserable retirement," he says.
"The risk The crisis of the subprime crisis of 2008 [nos EUA] for example, caused losses of one million dollars to the workers and led, at least, to the fact that these funds will stop at large companies operating on the stock market., five years to recover the lost funds during this period. "
The Pinochet dictatorship had promised that retirees would receive a value of up to 80% of their last salary before retiring . But what is happening today is that Chileans receive only 30% of this amount, says the lawyer.
"That is, if a worker earns $ 500, he should receive a pension of $ 400. However, (19659002) About 90% of Chilean pensioners receive less than 147,000 pesos (R $ 833) This amounts to about half of the country's minimum wage, which, starting in March, will be set at 301,000 Chilean pesos (US $ 1.7,000), or about US $ 450.
Recaredo Gálvez points out that another effect of privatization was the increase of inequalities and a greater controlled concentration of the market.
Of these five companies with international capital, three are controlled by American companies: Principal Financial Group, Prudential Financial and MetLife Another is controlled by the Brazilian insurer BTG Pactual
"It is a type of policy whose main motivation is to be able to generate a source of capital absorption through the financial regime and that it puts an end to the social right of workers "movement" No + AFP "
Chilean popular movements prepare a march for the defense of social security in the country for the day of March 31, 2019." We hope that this march will also succeed in raising this issue at the regional level, so it is necessary to talk about the Chilean experience and the progress made by this model in Brazil and in other countries in the region. "
Since 2015, the Chilean population is on the streets to fight for social security." The former president Michelle Bachelet set up the Solidarity pillar in 2008 to help people who did not contribute to the system but did not In response to the mobilizations, the current president, Sebastián Piñera, presented two months ago, in December 2018, a measure to inject even more resources into the private sector.
in short, the proposal of Piñera is to increase gradually
The brother of the current president, José Piñera, is the economist behind the proposal of the private pension system Chilean in effect today
Labor and Social Security and Mines, under the dictatorial regime of Pinochet.It is one of Chicago's famous boys, because economists who adopted neoliberal thought dissected The University of Chicago – which includes Brazil's Minister of the Economy, Paulo Guedes – have become known.
In 2016, as part of the demonstrations, the No + AFP movement was formed (coming from AFP, in Portuguese). The entity has submitted its own proposed retirement system. "The tactics of the movement is to make this bill a viable alternative for the establishment of a new pension system," says Piñeda.
The main claim of the popular movements in Chile today is a system of sharing solidarity among workers, the company and the state – the same that is in force in Brazil today.
Looking at the discussions in the neighboring country, which wants to copy the model thus implicated in his country, the Chilean lawyer advises the Brazilians: "In this context of privatizations, you must oppose with force Once this system is put in place, it will be difficult to go back, not only for the government but for the companies of the great national and international capital that will benefit from these resources. "
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