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Originally posted on the Brazil website
POR RUTE PINA
In three years, Chile is experiencing a continuous cycle of demonstrations that puts millions of people in the street around a theme: the social security model in force in the country. Nearly 40 years after its inception, the Chilean pension system, which is pushing far-right President Jair Bolsonaro (PSL) to propose a similar system in Brazil, is facing a deep crisis.
In the 1980s, at the time when the country was known as the "neoliberal laboratory" because of the implementation of a series of privatization policies in areas such as the health and education, Chile has put in place a pension model based on individual accounts, with a mandatory contribution. The change, never applied elsewhere in the world, was operated by a decree of law imposed by the dictator Augusto Pinochet in 1981.
The funds are managed by the AFP [Administradoras da Fundos de Pensão] and invested in financial investments.
Recaredo Gálvez, researcher at Fundación Sol recalls that the system imposed in an undemocratic environment did not allow the dissemination of correct information on the system and prevented the debate on the consequences of its application for the country.
"There was no real participation in discussing this transformation of politics in Chile, and that meant that much of what the dictatorship was reporting on system change was 39, was not based on fact, "he says.
In Chile, although the model was implemented by the army, the army did not
Four decades later, adverse effects
In models of Solidarity-based distribution, such as the Brazilian one, labor market workers finance, with the help of employers and workers, the same pension system. State, who is retired. In the capitalization system launched by Chile, each person is responsible for his retirement through an individual account.
For the lawyer of the Workers' Defender, Javier Piñeda, the privatized model represents a risk for the workers. "This logic of individual capitalization means that every person has to save themselves, and with high rates of unemployment and informality, it means that people are condemned to a miserable retirement," he says.
"There is a risk that these funds will stop in large companies trading in securities, so the crisis has consequences for workers." The 1945 subprime crisis ] for example, caused losses of one million dollars to the workers and took at least five years to recover the lost funds during this period. "
The promise of the dictatorship of According to Pinochet, the retirees would receive a figure of up to 80% of their last salary before retiring. But what is happening today is that Chileans receive only 30% of this amount, says the lawyer.
"That is, if a worker earns $ 500, he should receive a pension of $ 400. However, the rate of return is about 30%.
About 90% of Chilean pensioners receive less than 147,000 pesos (R $ 833), or about US $ 225. This amount is equivalent to nearly half of a country which, as of March, will be set at Chilean 301,000 (US $ 1.7 million). R $), or about 450 USD.
Recaredo Gálvez points out that another effect of privatization is the increase in inequality and greater concentration of the market.
Three of these five companies with international capital are controlled by American companies: Principal Financial Group Prudential Financial ] And MetLife Another is controlled by the Brazilian insurer BTG Pactual [19659013ThisisatypeofpolicywhosemainmotivationistogenerateacapitalabsorptionthroughthefinancialmechanismAndthatputsanendtothesocialrightoftheworkers"saidtheresearcher
Movement" No + AFP "
The popular movements of Chile prepare a march for the defense of social security in the country March 31st March 2019. "We hope this march can also bring this issue to the regional level. It is therefore necessary to talk about the Chilean experience and the progress that this model represents in Brazil and in other countries of the region. "
Since 2015, the Chilean population took to the streets to fight for social security Former President Michelle Bachelet set up the Solidarity pillar in 2008 to help people who did not contribute to the system but did not change In response to the mobilizations, the current President, Sebastián Piñera, presented two months ago, in December 2018, a measure to inject even more resources into the private sector.
The proposal of Piñera consists of
The brother of the current president, José Piñera, is the economist behind the proposal of Chile's private pension system in effect today [19659013] Labor and Social Security and Mines, under the dictatorial regime of Pinochet The economist is one of the notorious "Chicago boys", as economists who adopted the neoliberal thought diffused by the Universi Chicago, Brazil's Minister of the Economy, Paulo Guedes, is also a member.
as part of the demonstrations, the movement formed No + AFP (Enough AFP, in Portuguese). The entity has submitted its own proposed retirement system. "The tactics of the movement is to make this bill a viable alternative for the establishment of a new pension system," says Piñeda.
The main claim of the popular movements in Chile today is a system of sharing solidarity among workers, the company and the state – the same that is in force in Brazil today.
Focus on the discussions in the neighboring country, which wants to copy the model thus implicated in his country, the Chilean lawyer advises the Brazilians: "In this context of privatizations, you must oppose with force once this system is put in place, it will be difficult to go back, not only for the government, but for the companies of the great national and international capital that will benefit from these resources. "
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