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Images of children in the United States and Canada who were denied potentially life-changing marijuana drugs had a significant impact on public opinion.
Attitudes towards cannabis use are changing around the world
Mexico's new government is considering legalizing the use of marijuana for recreational purposes, as well as Luxembourg. At the same time, New Zealand's premier Jacinda Ardern plans to hold a referendum on the subject.
Public opinion – and that of governments – evolving, it seems more and more likely that other countries will do the same, Questions about, for example, collaboration to manage the. use and supply of marijuana.
What brought one country after another to relax its laws and, in many cases, to fully legalize?
The War on Drugs
It was only in 2012 that Uruguay announced that it would be the first country in the world to legalize the use of marijuana for recreational purposes. The measure was largely intended to replace the links between organized crime and the cannabis trade through state regulation.
Later in the same year, voters in Washington and Colorado became the first voters in the United States. to support the legalization of grbad for non-medicinal purposes.
Under President Barack Obama, critic of the US-led war on drugs, the US government withdrew from federal law enforcement and effectively gave the go-ahead to states so that they explore
Eight states and Washington DC have since supported the legalization of marijuana for recreational purposes, and the penalties are less severe elsewhere. Marijuana use for medical purposes is authorized in 33 out of 50 states.
In many ways, the effects of legalization on society and on the health of individuals are still under debate, but there is no doubt that
The tide has spread throughout the Americas and Canada has legalized the sale, possession and recreational use of marijuana throughout the country. October
It is almost certain that Mexico will truly legalize marijuana. The new government of Andrés Manuel López Obrador has introduced a bill that would legalize its use for medical and recreational purposes, and the country's Supreme Court has recently authorized the use of this plant for recreational purposes.
Other countries are advancing. Although the sale of marijuana remains illegal, possession of small quantities is no longer a crime in countries like Jamaica and Portugal. In Spain, it is legal to use cannabis in private places, while the drug is sold openly in coffee shops in the Netherlands.
Worldwide, changes are underway:
– In the UK, doctors are allowed to prescribe cannabis-based products since November [19659003] – A young oil salesman cannabis sentenced to death sparked debate over legalization in Malaysia
– South Korea legalized strictly controlled medical use, despite the treatment reserved for the recreational use of residents for recreational purposes in abroad
– The highest court in South Africa legalized the use of cannabis by adults in private places
– Lesotho became the first African country to legalize the cultivation of marijuana for medical purposes
– Lebanon plans to legalize the production of cannabis for medical purposes to help their economy
Sick Children
In many countries, the movement towards legalization has begins to With a slowdown in public opinion
In the United States and Canada, images of sick children who have been denied life-altering medications have had a considerable impact on their lives. public opinion – a concern that led to legalization for medical purposes. A similar relaxation was observed in the United Kingdom
In June, Billy Caldwell, aged 12 and suffering from severe epilepsy, was admitted to hospital after confiscation of his medicinal cannabis oil . A month later, Alfie Dingley, 7, has a rare form of epilepsy with a special license to use cannabis oil.
As a result of celebrity campaigns, the British government changed the law to allow
US states such as California discovered in the 1990s and 2000s that medical cannabis could alleviate attitudes at home. For the purpose of recreational use.
But in the UK, the Home Office says that recreational use of cannabis will remain banned, although prominent figures, including former conservative leader William Hague, have suggested a review.
Mexico has also had cases of children who have not received cannabis for medical purposes.
Although marijuana accounts for a relatively small share of drug cartel revenues, it continues to be banned, which is increasingly contrary to reality. Mexican diplomats warned the United States that it was difficult to step up the fight against cannabis when the US state of California legalized the use for recreational purposes.
The Marijuana Market
Often, as in many parts of Latin America, governments want their farmers to have access to potentially lucrative markets for developing medical cannabis.
Companies also interest. For example, Altria, which owns brands of cigarettes, including Marlboro, has invested $ 1.86 billion (about $ 7.2 billion) in a Canadian marijuana business.
As the United States demonstrates, it is quite possible that the trade in medicinal products can easily be turned into a recreational sale – potentially opening up an even larger market.
An immediate obstacle is that recreational cannabis can not be marketed through borders. Countries can import and export marijuana for medical purposes only under a licensing system supervised by the International Narcotics Control Board.
Farmers in countries such as Morocco and Jamaica may have a reputation for producing cannabis, but can not access markets where domestic producers
– it is smoked with tobacco, this may increase the risk of diseases such as cancer.
– May cause confusion, anxiety and paranoia.
– Regular use has been badociated with an increased risk of psychotic diseases
– Used in some areas to treat the side effects of multiple sclerosis and cancer
– Current tests badyze the possibilities of use to treat other diseases, including epilepsy and HIV / AIDS
Source: NHS Choices
Development of Rules
E Although there are some rumors of change in the international legal system, this seems far away.
Governments wishing to become legalized face a challenge: a path between uncontrolled legalization and strict prohibition. Poorly regulated allies badociated with psychotropic substances are not a combination with which many societies would feel comfortable living together.
But it seems almost certain that more countries will change their approach to cannabis in the decades to come.
This badysis was commissioned by the BBC from a specialist working for an outside organization. John Collins is the Executive Director of the International Drug Policy Unit of the London School of Economics and Political Science.
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