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The World Cup in Russia has attracted more than 65,000 Brazilian tourists to the country, mixed with other fans from all over. With the great movement of people in the cities hosting the event, health experts in Brazil warn against the risk of spreading infectious diseases.
According to Itamaraty, although there is no case of endemic diseases in Russia, cases of diphtheria, hepatitis A, typhoid fever and cholera can be common. In addition, since the beginning of the year, Europe has been experiencing outbreaks of measles, a highly contagious disease.
Another alert concerns AIDS, which remains a major public health problem in the country. According to the Joint United Nations Program on HIV / AIDS (UNAIDS), about 1.1% of the Russian population could be infected with HIV.
See below for expert advice and the Ministry of Health.
Measles
Among the epidemics on the European territory, 1,149 cases of measles were identified in Russia between January and April of this year. According to the Ministry of Health, the only form of prevention indicated is to take a triple viral vaccine if immunization has not already been done. In case of international travel, especially if you visit high-risk countries, it is recommended to update the vaccine. However, pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals, such as those infected with the HIV virus and chemotherapy patients, can not be vaccinated.
Hand washing is extremely important in the prevention of respiratory diseases. Covering the nose and mouth with sneezing or coughing, not sharing cups, cutlery and food and avoiding hands in the mouth or eyes can also help with prevention, says disease specialist Marta Heloísa Lopes infectious diseases in the Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases.
The main symptoms are a high fever, conjunctivitis with tearing, which leaves crying on the face, red spots on the body and rough skin. The cycle lasts about a week or ten days and the treatment consists of rest, hydration and antithermal to control fever, in addition to isolation. The disease can lead to complications such as diarrhea, pneumonia and blood clotting disorders.
"In case of suspicion of measles, patients must immediately seek a health service and avoid public places where many people circulate."
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis A is transmitted during unprotected bad, and it is pbaded on to the health authorities of Brazil. through the consumption of contaminated food and water. In Brazil, the vaccine against the disease is offered free by the unified health system for children from 15 months to 5 years.
In general, the disease is asymptomatic. However, the most common symptoms are fatigue, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, yellowing of the skin and eyes, dark urine and stool
] Diagnosis of the blood test disease. After confirmation, the health professional will indicate the most appropriate treatment, depending on the health of the patient, according to the Ministry of Health.
Hepatitis A is fully curable when the wearer properly follows all medical recommendations. In most cases, it is benign but can cause severe acute liver failure and cause death in less than 1% of cases.
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B can be contracted during intercourse, through contact with contaminated needles and blood products. The three doses of the vaccine are available in the SUS for everyone.
Most cases of the disease have no symptoms. However, the most common are fatigue, dizziness, nausea and / or vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, yellow skin and eyes, dark urine and pale stools
"It is important that the type of contact with sharp objects, "says the coordinator of the Committee of Travel Medicine of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, Jessé Alves.
Typhoid fever
Fever Typhoid is an acute bacterial disease, acquired through the consumption of contaminated food and water.Therefore, the traveler must always be aware and not drink tap water, in addition to always being safe. worry about the origin of the food that consumes outside the country, explains Jessé Alves.
Symptoms are high fever, headache, general malaise, lack of appetite , delayed heart rate, increased heart rate lume of the spleen, pink spots on the trunk, constipation or diarrhea and dry cough.
Diphtheria
Diphtheria is an acute transmissible disease, which is often lodged in the tonsils, pharynx, larynx, nose and sometimes other mucous membranes and skin. The clbadic bacterial triple vaccine is indicated for children up to the age of seven. "There is also the pentavalent vaccine, indicated for the active immunization of two-month-old children against diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, hepatitis B and diseases."
caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b, "explains Marta Heloísa Lopes, expert in infectious diseases
Despite high levels of immunization coverage against diphtheria, an epidemic has affected parts of Russia in the 1990s and the disease has not yet
Treatment of diphtheria is done with anti-diphtheria serum (DAS), which is used in the treatment of diphtheria, as well as in the treatment of diphtheria. what needs to be done in a hospital unit, according to the Ministry of Health.
AIDS
AIDS is one of the biggest public health problems around him. the world. According to the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, the country is experiencing the largest HIV epidemic in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, with more than 98,000 new infections registered in 2015 and an annual growth rate of 10-15%.
A report from the Joint United Nations Program on HIV / AIDS (UNAIDS) reveals that 1.1% of Brazil's population can be infected with the HIV virus. The Ministry of Health reaffirms to Brazilian citizens the importance of adopting measures to prevent badually transmitted diseases.
"Sex should always be done safely, here in the country and during the trip." Protection through the use of condoms the way to prevent against AIDS and other badually transmitted diseases, "says The infectiologist and professor of the Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases of the University of São Paulo
Cholera
Cholera is an acute infectious intestinal disease transmitted by fecal-oral contamination direct or by ingestion of contaminated food or water.
In general, there are no symptoms or only mild diarrhea. However, the patient may also have severe diarrhea, with or without vomiting, abdominal pain and cramps. In the absence of rapid treatment, severe dehydration can occur, with serious complications that can lead to death
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